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Study Guide / Practice Questions for the Final Exam: Note: You should be familiar with the following concepts at the level of detail we covered it in lecture. Chapter 17: Microevolution What is meant by the "gene pool" of a population? Define "evolution". What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution? List and explain the 5 processes by which microevolution can occur. What is meant by evolutionary fitness? List and explain the 3 modes of natural selection.
Chapter 18: Macroevolution How are species defined according to the Biological Species Concept? What types of organisms cannot be classified according to this concept? List and explain the differences between the 2 modes of speciation. What is allopatric speciation? List and explain the 6 mechanisms by which species can remain reproductively isolated.
Chapter 29: Populations and Communities in Ecology What is the study of ecology? Explain the differences between: population, community, ecosystem and biosphere. What are the problems associated with accurately estimating population sizes of different species? What are the ways in which biologists estimate population sizes? Explain the difference between exponential and logistic growth and provide a graphical representation of each type of population growth. What is the difference between arithmetic and geometric growth? Provide an example of each type of growth. Explain what is meant by the carrying capacity? What factors determine the carrying capacity? Why do some populations show a smooth increase in size until the carrying capacity is reached while other populations show larger cycles or more erratic population growth rates? List the characteristics of r-selected vs. K-selected species. Draw the three types of survivorship curves, explain how they are different, and provide an example of a species that would have each type of survivorship curve. What is meant by the "ecological footprint" of a country? What are some of the environmental problems associated with the current growth rate of the human population? Explain the different inter-species interactions and list whether the species are affected positively, negatively or neutrally by each interaction. Provide an example of each type of interaction. Explain what is meant by the "Competitive Exclusion Principle".
Chapter 30: Ecosystems and the Biosphere Draw a food chain and label it with the following information: primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, herbivore, carnivore. What % of the energy at each trophic level is incorporated into the level above it? You should be able to do calculations regarding this topic similar to the ones we reviewed in class.
Video: "Deep Trouble" What are some of the
environmental problems (that were discussed in the video) regarding:
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©2003-2004 Dilek Sanver-Wang, MS
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