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Review Game #3
 

LAMC
BIOLOGY

LAMC Bio 3 Lecture Notes: Chapter 4 – A Tour of the Cell

Reading Assignment: Chapter 4

Learning Outcomes:
By the end of today’s lecture, you should be able to:
- Recognize the different kinds of images seen through different microscopes
- Identify the major parts and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

I. Types of microscopes:
1) Light microscope (LM)/Compound microscope – uses light to magnify an object; yields 2-D images
2) Dissecting microscope – uses light to magnify an object; yields 3-D images
3) Transmission electron microscope (TEM) – uses electrons to magnify an object; yields 2-D images
4) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) – uses electrons to magnify an object; yields 3-D images

Magnification - ratio of an object’s image to its real size.
Resolving power - the measure of the clarity of an image; the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished as being separate

II. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell characteristics:

A. Prokaryotic cells:

Only bacteria and archaea consist of prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells: lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, instead they have a nucleoid region where the DNA is concentrated in the cell; have a cell wall; are smaller and structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells; have flagella to allow movement; have single-stranded, circular DNA

B. Eukaryotic cells:

All remaining life forms (protists, fungi, plants and animals) are composed of eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells: have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, are larger and structurally more complex than prokaryotic cells, have double-stranded DNA arranged in chromosomes; plant and fungi cells have a cell wall (although the structure is different from each other and the prokaryotic cell wall); some eukaryotic cells have flagella or cilia for movement.
 

III. Organelles and their functions:

Nucleus: the cell’s genetic control center.  The nucleolus is a structure within the nucleus and is involved in the production of the building blocks of ribosomes.

Endomembrane system: a network of membranous organelles that partition the cytoplasm into functional compartments (e.g. endoplasmic reticulum).

Smooth ER: has a variety of functions, such as production of lipids, processing drugs in the liver, and storage of calcium.

Rough ER: produces membranes and proteins

Golgi apparatus: finishes, sorts and transports cell products

Lysosome: forms the digestive compartments within the cell; digests food and waste products in the cell

Vacuole: functions in the general maintenance of the cell

Mitochondria: carry out cellular respiration; converts chemical energy in foods to ATP

Chloroplast: involved in photosynthesis in plant cells; converts solar energy to chemical energy

Plasma membrane: surrounds the cell and acts as a selective barrier to the passage of ions and molecules into and out of the cell.

Cell wall: a protective layer external to the plasma membrane; protects the cell and helps maintain its shape.

©2003-2004 Dilek Sanver-Wang, MS
Los Angeles, CA USA.  All Rights Reserved.