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Bio3:
Midterm 1 Study Guide – Fall 2006
Important:
Please remember to turn in 4 blank scantrons to me by Thursday, 9/21.
Topics:
The
midterm will cover the lecture topics for chapters
1-4.
- hierarchy of
biological organization and the properties of life
- cell theory vs. spontaneous generation hypothesis
- history of life
- scientific method
- atoms, elements, molecules and compounds
- ionic and covalent bonds
- properties of water
- the pH scale
- organic molecules and functional groups
- macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins)
- types of microscopes
- characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- characteristics of plant and animal cells
- organelles and their functions
Study Questions:
Note: The answers to these questions are at the bottom of this page.
1. Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which one
of the following sequences illustrates that hierarchy as it INCREASES in
complexity?
a. ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ,
organism, tissue
b. cell, molecule, organ system, organ, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem,
community
c. organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, community, cell,
ecosystem, molecule
d. molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community,
ecosystem
e. ecosystem, molecule, cell, tissue, organism, organ system, organ, community
2. The tree in your backyard is home to a colony of ants,
a wasp's nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these
organisms represent:
a. a species.
b. a community.
c. a population.
d. an ecosystem.
e. the biosphere.
3. In the equation 2 H2 +
O2 → 2 H2O:
a. H2, O2,
and H2O are all compounds.
b. H2, O2,
and H2O are all elements.
c. only H2O is a compound.
d. only H2 and O2 are
compounds.
e. H2, O2,
and H2O are all trace
elements.
4. The nucleus of an atom contains:
a. protons and neutrons.
b. protons and electrons.
c. only neutrons.
d. only protons.
e. only electrons.
5. The sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and
12 neutrons. What is the mass number of sodium?
a. 0
b. 11
c. 22
d. 23
e. 34
6. The hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to
the oxygen atom by __________ bonds, whereas neighboring water molecules are
held together by __________ bonds.
a. hydrogen . . . ionic
b. hydrogen . . . polar covalent
c. polar covalent . . . hydrogen
d. ionic . . . covalent
e. polar covalent . . . ionic
7. Bases:
a. donate H+ ions
to solutions.
b. accept H+ ions
from solutions.
c. donate OH– ions to solutions.
d. accept OH– ions from solutions.
e. either accept H+ ions
from solutions or donate OH– ions to solutions.
8. Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is:
a. 100 times more acidic.
b. 10 times more acidic.
c. neutral.
d. 10 times more basic.
e. 100 times more basic.
9. Propanol and isopropanol are isomers. This means that
they have
a. the same molecular formula but different chemical and structural properties.
b. different molecular formulas but the same chemical properties.
c. the same molecular formula and the same chemical properties.
d. the same number of carbon atoms but different numbers of oxygen and hydrogen
atoms.
10. You now know that the old saying: "oil and water don't
mix" is true. Why?
a. Oil exhibits polarity and water does not.
b. Water exhibits polarity and oil does not.
c. Oil is hydrophilic.
d. Water is hydrophobic.
e. Oil is an organic compound and water is not.
11. A hydroxyl group is:
a. also called a carbonyl group.
b. characteristic of proteins.
c. hydrophobic.
d. characteristic of alcohols.
12. Which one of the following is an amino group?
a. -OH
b. -NH2
c. -COOH
d. -CO
e. -CH3
13. A disaccharide forms when
a. two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.
b. two starches join by dehydration synthesis.
c. two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis.
d. two starches join by hydrolysis.
e. a starch and a monosaccharide join by dehydration synthesis.
14. One way to convert an oil into a substance that is
solid at room temperature is to
a. add hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
b. remove water, causing a dehydration synthesis reaction to occur.
c. remove hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds.
d. add water and shake vigorously.
15. Which one of the following is NOT a type of protein?
a. collagen
b. antibodies
c. enzymes
d. hemoglobin
e. triglyceride
16. Resolving power is the:
a. ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.
b. size of an image.
c. ability of an optical instrument to magnify an image.
d. ability of an optical instrument to estimate the size of an image.
e. distance between the lenses of a microscope.
17. The light/compound microscope:
a. provides three dimensional images of an object
b. typically provides more resolution than an electron microscope.
c. works by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied.
d. uses light and glass lenses to magnify an image.
18. A scientist wants to magnify a pollen
grain 8,000 times and examine the ridges and pores on its surface.
Which one of the following instruments would be best?
a. a transmission electron microscope
b. a scanning electron microscope
c. a compound microscope
d. a dissecting microscope
19. As cell size increases, the:
a. volume and surface area decrease.
b. volume increases faster than the surface area.
c. surface area increases faster than the volume.
d. surface area and volume increase at the same rate.
20. Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus
are __________ cells.
a. plant
b. animal
c. prokaryotic
d. eukaryotic
e. human
21. Which of the following
organelles/structures do plant cells have and animal cells do not?
a. chloroplasts
b. cell membranes
c. cell walls
d. a nucleus
e. A and C
22. The function of the nucleolus is:
a. to store water.
b. to help manufacture ribosomes.
c. intracellular digestion.
d. photosynthesis.
e. to dispose of waste products.
23. Lysosomes
a. help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.
b. recycle materials within the cell.
c. fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes.
d. destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.
e. All of the choices are correct.
24. The function of chloroplasts is:
a. cellular respiration.
b. intracellular transport of proteins.
c. lipid synthesis.
d. photosynthesis.
e. intracellular digestion.
25. The function of mitochondria is
a. cellular respiration.
b. intracellular transport of proteins.
c. lipid synthesis.
d. photosynthesis.
e. intracellular digestion.
Answers:
1. D
6. C
11. D
16. A
21. E
2. B
7. E
12. B
17. D
22. B
3. C
8. A
13.A
18. B
23. E
4. A
9. A
14. A
19. B
24. D
5. D
10. B
15. E
20. C
25. A
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