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Bio3:
Midterm 2 Study Guide – Fall 2006
Topics:
The
midterm will cover the lecture topics
for chapters 5-7.
- potential and kinetic energy
- 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics
- endergonic and exergonic reactions
- enzymes
- plasma membrane structure and function
- cellular respiration
- fermentation
- photosynthesis
- C4 and
CAM
metabolism
- “Plant Predators” video questions
Study
Questions:
Note: The answers to these
questions are at the bottom of this page.
1. The oxygen produced in
photosynthesis comes from:
a. water
b. carbon dioxide
c. glucose
d. sunlight
e. ATP
2. Which of the following is
the correct simplified reaction equation for photosynthesis (excluding
sunlight)?
a. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6
+ 6O2
b. 6CO2 + 6O2 → C6H12O6
+ 6H2O
c. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2
+ 6H2O
d. C6H12O6 + 6H2O → 6CO2
+ 6O2
e. CO2 + H2O → O2 + CO + H2
3. In which plant cell
organelle does photosynthesis take place? ____________________
4. Below is a schematic
diagram of the two parts of photosynthesis.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate reactants or products.
5. How do C4 and
CAM
photosynthetic pathways provide an adaptation for arid (dry) environments?
6. CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via
a. stomata.
b. thylakoids.
c. grana.
d. stroma.
e. central vacuoles.
7. If you expose a
photosynthesizing plant to water that contains both radioactive H and
radioactive O, in which of the products of photosynthesis will the radioactive H
and O show up?
a. H and O both in glucose
b. H in glucose; O in water
c. H in water; O in glucose
d. H in glucose and water; O in O2
e. H in glucose and water; O in water and O2
8. Of the following
wavelengths of light, which would you expect to be LEAST absorbed by chlorophyll?
a. blue
b. green
c. yellow
d. orange
e. red
9. The energy that excites
Photosystems I and II is originally supplied by:
a. electrons passing down the electron transport chain.
b. the breaking of glucose bonds.
c. ATP.
d. light.
e. NADPH.
10. The electrons lost from
the reaction center of photosystem I are replaced by electrons from:
a. CO2.
b. ATP.
c. H2O.
d. the Calvin cycle.
e. the electron transport chain.
11. The greenhouse effect
is:
a. reduced by photosynthesis, which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
b. made worse by photosynthesis, which adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
c. reduced by the burning of fossil fuels, which removes oxygen from the
atmosphere.
d. reduced by the addition of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, since carbon
dioxide removes excess heat from the Earth's surface and reflects it back into
space.
e. All of the choices are correct.
12. Glucose molecules
provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm
are changing
a. chemical energy into kinetic energy.
b. chemical energy into potential energy.
c. kinetic energy into potential energy.
d. kinetic energy into chemical energy.
e. None of the choices are correct.
13. A cow must eat 100
pounds of grain to gain approximately 10 pounds of muscle tissue. This
illustrates that
a. energy conversions reduce the order of the universe and increase its entropy.
b. the total amount of energy in the universe is constant.
c. some energy is destroyed in every energy conversion.
d. energy transformations are typically 100% efficient.
e. new energy is created when animals eat food.
14. Anything that prevents
ATP formation will most likely:
a. result in cell death.
b. force the cell to rely on lipids for energy.
c. result in the conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy.
d. force the cell to rely on ADP for energy.
e. have no effect on the cell.
15. Enzymes are composed of:
a. lipids.
b. proteins.
c. steroids.
d. starch.
e. carbohydrates.
16. Which one of the
following is FALSE?
a. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.
b. Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates.
c. Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions.
d. Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they catalyze.
e. An enzyme binds to its substrate at the enzyme's active site.
17. Which of the following
can affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
a. temperature
b. pH
c. competitive inhibitors
d. noncompetitive inhibitors
e. All of the choices are correct.
18. Which one of the
following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane? The plasma membrane:
a. forms a selective barrier around the cell.
b. plays a role in signal transduction.
c. has receptors for chemical messages.
d. is the genetic control center of the cell.
e. is involved in cell recognition.
19. Facilitated diffusion
across a biological membrane requires __________ and moves a substance
__________ its concentration gradient.
a. energy and transport proteins . . . down
b. energy . . . down
c. transport proteins . . . down
d. energy and transport proteins . . . against
e. transport proteins . . . against
20. When two solutions that
differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semi-permeable
membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will exhibit:
a. net movement to the side with lower water concentration.
b. net movement to the side with higher water concentration.
c. net movement to the side with lower solute concentration.
d. an equal movement in both directions across the membrane.
e. not cross the membrane.
21. Some single-celled
organisms living in pond water have special organelles called contractile
vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of
these organelles tells you that the environment:
a. is isotonic to the organism.
b. is hypotonic to the organism.
c. is hypertonic to the organism.
d. contains a higher concentration of solutes than the organism.
e. contains the same concentration of solutes as the organism.
22. Which of these processes
can move a solute against its concentration gradient (from low to high
concentration)?
a. osmosis
b. passive transport
c. diffusion
d. facilitated diffusion
e. active transport
23. Which one of the
following is TRUE?
a. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and cellular respiration occurs in
mitochondria.
b. Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and cellular respiration occurs in
chloroplasts.
c. Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
d. Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
e. Neither cellular respiration nor photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in
chloroplasts.
24. Which of the following
are products of cellular respiration?
a. oxgyen and carbon dioxide
b. ATP and carbon dioxide
c. oxygen and glucose
d. oxygen and ATP
e. glucose and carbon dioxide
25. During redox reactions
a. the loss of electrons from one substance is called reduction.
b. a substance that gains electrons is said to be oxidized.
c. electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance.
d. protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule.
e. None of the choices are correct.
26. Which one of the
following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?
a. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
b. glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle
c. the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis
d. oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle
e. oxidative phosphorylation, the citric acid cycle, and glycolysis
27. During which of the
following phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation
take place?
a. glycolysis
b. the citric acid cycle
c. conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl coenzymeA
d. oxidative phosphorylation
e. both A and B
28. The end products of the
citric acid cycle include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. CO2.
b. pyruvate
c. ATP.
d. NADH.
e. FADH2.
29. In the electron
transport chain, the final electron acceptor is:
a. an oxygen atom.
b. a molecule of carbon dioxide.
c. a molecule of water.
d. ADP.
e. ATP.
30. Which of the following
processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?
a. oxidative phosphorylation
b. glycolysis
c. alcoholic fermentation
d. lactic acid fermentation
e. citric acid cycle
31. If you consume one gram
of each of the following, which will yield the most ATP?
a. protein
b. glucose
c. sucrose
d. fat
e. starch
Answers:
1. A
2. A
3. chloroplast
4. 1) water 2) oxygen 3)
NADP+ 4) NADPH 5) carbon dioxide 6) glucose
5. In C4 metabolism
an intermediate C4 product is formed with the CO2 and moved to a
different part of the leaf so that the CO2 concentration in that part
of the leaf remains high enough for the Calvin cycle to proceed.
In
CAM
plants, CO2 uptake occurs at night which reduces the rate of
evaporation when the stomata open.
6. A
11. A
16. C
21. B
26. A
31. D
7. D
12. A
17. E
22. E
27. E
8. B
13. A
18. D
23. A
28. B
9. D
14. A
19. C
24. B
29. A
10. E
15. B
20. A
25. C
30. A
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